Who may be considered?
Micro-TESE is mainly considered for selected men with non-obstructive azoospermia: absent sperm in semen because production is impaired. Blockage and hormonal causes may need a different approach. [1, 2]
What assessment comes first?
The work-up includes confirmation with repeat semen analyses, medical history, examination, hormone testing and appropriate genetic testing. Some genetic findings can rule out retrieval; others require counseling. [1]
What happens during the procedure?
The surgeon examines testicular tissue under an operating microscope and selects small samples from promising areas. The laboratory searches these samples for sperm. Planning should be coordinated with the fertility team. [2, 3]
Does finding sperm guarantee a baby?
No. Retrieved sperm are generally used for ICSI, an IVF technique that injects a sperm into an egg. Retrieval and a resulting pregnancy are separate outcomes; neither is guaranteed. [2]
What are the risks and next steps?
Risks include pain, bleeding, infection and reduced testosterone. Discuss recovery and hormone follow-up. Bring semen results, genetic tests and previous retrieval reports; ask about the plan if no sperm are found. [2, 3]
Sources & further reading
- EAU — Male infertility guideline ↗
- HFEA — Surgical sperm extraction ↗
- BAUS — Surgical sperm retrieval (PDF) ↗
This guide draws on the sources above and does not replace an individual clinical assessment.
Questions to understand your options
Write down questions about alternatives, risks and expectations to discuss with your own clinician.